The DOCTYPE specify the user's web browser and the search engines that what type of document is written.
One final thought is that the new HTML5 standard proposes using a very simple DOCTYPE:
<!DOCTYPE html>
Always add the <!DOCTYPE> declaration to your HTML documents, so that the browser defines which version of HTML/XHTML your document uses. For example, a doctype will tell <table>, tag how to look and on what attribute it should accepts, and which values/valuetypes are accepted for each attribute.
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