HTML and XHTML are both languages in which web pages are designed.
HTML-
HTML stands for Hypertext markup language. It is the main markup language which is used to design web pages.
HTML elements are not case sensitive.
e.g of HTML-
<head>
<title>Closing tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="#">
Click Here
<br /><br />
Here is some text
</body>
</html>
In the above example the anchor tag is not closed properly.
XHTML-
XHTML stands for Extensible hypertext markup language. It is a group of XML markup language that develop versions of the broadly used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which web pages are composed. XHTML elements must be closed and always in lowercase.
e.g of XHTML-
<html>
<head>
<title>Closing tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="#">
Click Here
</a>
<br /><br />
Here is some text
</body>
</html>
In the above example all the tags are closed properly.
Difference-
FEATURES
|
HTML
|
XHTML
|
| Filename extension |
.html, .htm |
.xhtml, .xht, .xml, .html, .htm |
| Developed by |
W3C & WHATWG |
World Wide Web Consortium |
| Internet media type |
text/html |
application/xhtml+xml |
| Type of format |
Document file format |
Markup language |
| Extended from |
SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Language) |
XML, HTML |
| Function |
Web pages are written |
Extended version of HTML that is stricter and XML-based. |
| Nature |
Flexible framework and lenient parser |
Restrictive subset of XML and needs to be parsed with standard XML parsers |
| Origin |
Proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1987 |
World Wide Web Consortium in 2000. |
| Versions |
HTML 2, HTML 3.2, HTML 4.0, HTML 5. |
XHTML 1, XHTML 1.1, XHTML 2, XHTML 5. |
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