This tutorial will help user to learn how to trace hop by hop destination of end host , use commands nslookup,netstat,pathping command with different switches to get more information over network.

1. The tracert command is a Command Prompt command that's used to show several details about the path that a packet takes from the computer or device you're on to whatever destination you specify.Along the way you can determine the time from hop to hop. You can identify server problems and latency with this tool. It really helps see where the failure is between you and a destination.

Command: tracert www.yahoo.com(hostname)

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2. How to find DNS.
nslookup is a way to get the IP address for a domain name. We can also do a reverse lookup from Domain Name to IP Address. It can be a way to find out if your DNS is properly working or if the site is having problems.

Command: nslookup domain name 

 nslookup www.yahoo.com

 nslookup ip-address-here (This will give the domain name)

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3. How to check statistics of protocols being used?

netstat displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections, we have various switches to display details, we can checkout all switches by using netstat on command prompt.There are many options :

netstat -a (list out all the current connections.)

netstat -at (To list out only tcp connections use the t options.)

netstat -au (Similarly to list out only udp connections use the u option.)

netstat -ant (disable reverse dns lookup for faster output)

netstat -tnl (List out only listening connections)

netstat nlpt (Get process name/pid and user id)

Note: The process details are made available by the 'p' option.When using the p option, netstat must be run with root privileges, otherwise it cannot detect the pids of processes running with root privileges

netstat -ltpe (Use the e option along with the p option to get the username too.)

netstat -s (print out network statistics like total number of packets received and transmitted by protocol type)

netstat -rn (Display kernel routing information)

netstat -ie Print network interfaces

netstat -o Display PID of the session using netstat switch.

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4. pathping command is a route tracing tool that gives combined features of the ping and tracert commands.There are many different switches that can be used with pathping command to see the other switches follow the below link:

   Command: pathping <site-name>
   
   

for more information regarding pathping click the link below:

link : https://technet.microsoft.com/en-in/library/cc787365%28v=ws.10%29.aspx