1. Coordinator Layout: Coordinator layout is the super set of frame layout. Expanding and contracting of header/toolbar to gain more view for the main content. As per the property of frame layout it can have multiple child views but the additional feature by coordinate layout is that, child views can interact with each other easily.

<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout 
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/main_content"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@android:color/white"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true">

</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

2. AppBar Layout: Many of the scrolling gestures can br performed using AppBar Layout. In many of the cases AppBar Layout is used as a child of Coordinator layout. It's functionality within a different viewGroup will not work.

<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
    android:id="@+id/appbar"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_marginTop="-20dp"
    android:background="@android:color/white"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar">

</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

3. CollapsingToolbar Layout: CollapsingToolbar will be the direct child of AppBar Layout. Whenever user scrolls to upward direction the view inside CollapsingToolbar gets dimnished and makes a animation effect.

<android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
    android:id="@+id/collapsing_toolbar"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    app:contentScrim="#673AB7"
    app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed">

</android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>

Example:-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/main_content"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true">

    <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:id="@+id/MyAppbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="256dp"
        android:fitsSystemWindows="true">

        <android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
            android:id="@+id/collapse_toolbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:background="@android:color/darker_gray"
            android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
            app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed">

        </android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>

    </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

    <android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="fill_vertical"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:paddingTop="24dp">

        </LinearLayout>

    </android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>

</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>