The Global System for Mobile Communication is the way by which the communicaiton has been made through the regions of the network.

The GSM architecture is on the updation process and changes is being mode to cope up with the latest architectures and devices coming into the technology.

The GSM network architecture as defined in the GSM specifications can be grouped into four main areas:

• Mobile station (MS)
• Base-Station Subsystem (BSS)
• Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS)
• Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS)

Simplified GSM Network Architecture Diagram

Mobile station

Mobile station is the user phone through which the user can communicate to the other persons in any area.

This MS is not static is most of the time movable due to the customer movability .

Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

The BSS is the place where the communication is facilitated to the user end. It consists of two elements:

• Base Transceiver Station (BTS):   It uses radio receivers to transmit data from one end to other.
• Base Station Controller (BSC):   It controls a group of BTS.

Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)

The NSS is used to provide the better routing over the regions while BS communicates to each other.

Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS)

It provides the components connection to the NSS and BSS.