In this blog tutorial, i am going to explain how to create magento custom admin module in backend admin panel.
Lets start by creating the following folders:
app/code/local/My/Pant/etc
app/code/local/My/Pant/controllers
app/code/local/My/Pant/Helper

1. create a file config.xml in etc folder of custom module and paste in the following code:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config>
    <modules>
        <my_pant>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </my_pant>
    </modules>
    <global>
        <models/>
        <blocks/>
        <resources/>
        <extraconfig/>
        <helpers>
            <pant>
                <class>My_Pant_Helper</class>  //path of helper files
            </pant>
        </helpers>
    </global>
    <admin>
        <routers>
            <pant>
                <use>admin</use>
                <args>
                    <module>My_Pant</module>
                    <frontName>pant</frontName>  
                </args>
            </pant>
        </routers>
    </admin>
</config>

<frontName>pant</frontName> //This is the URL  of the module. i.e www.yourstorename.com/index.php/pant will be the url of your module.

2. Now, create a file called adminhtml.xml within the same folder and paste in the following:

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<config>
    <menu>
        <my_menu translate="title" module="pant">
            <title>Pankaj Pant</title>
            <sort_order>1</sort_order>
            <action>pant/index/index</action>
        </my_menu>
    </menu>
</config>

3. Next step is to tell Magento to load our module , To do this we need to create a file My_Pant.xml in /app/etc/modules and paste in the following:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config>
    <modules>
        <My_Pant>
            <active>true</active>    //  is active or not
            <codePool>local</codePool> //location of the module i.e inside the local folder
        </My_Pant>
    </modules>
</config>

4. create a file called Data.php with the Helper folder (/app/code/local/My/Pant/ Helper/ Data.php). & Paste the following code in Data.php

<?php
class My_Pant_Helper_Data extends Mage_Core_Helper_Abstract
{}
?>

Last step 5. create ‘IndexController.php’ file in  dir -> /app/ code/local/My/Pant/controllers/ ) and Paste the following code.

<?php
class My_Pant_IndexController extends Mage_Adminhtml_Controller_Action
{  
    public function indexAction()
    {
        $this->loadLayout();
         
        $block = $this->getLayout()->createBlock('core/text', 'My-block')->setText('<h1>hello</h1>');
        $this->_addContent($block);
         
        $this->_setActiveMenu('my_menu')->renderLayout();      
    }   
}
?>